Irrigation Abdi Madobe is a farmer and water management official in the Bura irrigation scheme in Tana River county. He grows rice, maize, onions and watermelons on 10 acres.
“In the past, we used to suffer due to inadequate water. Now, we have a government that caresand has supplied us with enough water,” he told the Star.
“The crops I grow feed my family. I sell myproduce and use the money to meet my many responsibilities, like paying school fees for mychildren.”
Madobe is among 2,245 registered farmers in Bura. The government has in the last three yearsspent more than Sh1.5 billion to construct the Korakora gravity intake and a 26km canal toirrigate about 86,000 acres.
“Throughout the associated value chains, Bura directly or indirectly benefits 70,000 to 100,000people. With planned expansions, the scheme will serve over 10,000 farmers irrigating about25,000 acres,” Irrigation Principal Secretary Ephantus Kimotho told the Star.
But something much bigger is unfolding in Bura. The government is expandingcommercialisation of the scheme through public-private partnerships.
Gulf Energy has commissioned the first 75-acre centre pivot, with six more being installed. An irrigationpivot, or centre pivot system, is a large machine that waters crops with elevated sprinklers rotating in amassive circle around a central pivot.
Land preparation to irrigate another 700 acres has been completed.
“Private investors have already been awarded 35,000 acres for rice production and 50,000 acresfor sugarcane development, while Gulf Energy has commenced establishment of seed caneunder irrigation,” Kimotho said.
“The project is expected to create jobs, increase agricultural production, support agro-processing and stimulate economic growth in the region.”
Transforming agriculture is a key pillar of the Bottom-Up Economic Transformation Agendaof President William Ruto’s administration, which aims to strengthening food security,create jobs and increase rural incomes.
Jacinta Wambui’s two-acre farm could previously barely sustain her family. But the Nyanjigiirrigation project in Kangema, Murang’a county, has transformed her life and those of hundredsof other farmers.
The project, which draws water from River Mathioya, covers about 500 acres occupied by nearly1,000 households growing bananas, tomatoes, French beans, sweet potatoes and kales.
“After the National Irrigation Authority (NIA) completed the community-initiated project that had stalledfor seven years, I diversified into horticulture and now earn a steady income from bananas andtomatoes, while producing enough food for my family,” Wambui said.
In Meru county, the Mweru Umoja irrigation project commissioned in January 2024 has equallytransformed farming by supplying water from River Mutonga to about 1,000 acres.
Farmers have shifted from rain-fed agriculture to continuous production of high-value crops.
“I grow cabbages throughout the year, taking advantage of favourable market prices to supportmy family,” Virginia Mugwimi said.
Fellow farmer Joseph Gituma, who invested in drip irrigation after the project was completed,said improved water availability has enhanced crop production and livestock keeping.
“The State Department of Irrigation aims to connect over 100,000 farmers through communityirrigation schemes and over 10,000 farmers through farmer-led irrigation,” PS Kimotho said.
About 8,000 farmers are benefiting from the smallholder irrigation programme in Mt Kenyaregion. Thousands more farmers are benefiting through national schemes such as Mwea, Ahero,
Bura, Hola, Lower Kuja and Lower Nzoia.
“The smallholder irrigation programme is one of our most successful irrigation interventions.Phases I through IV have been implemented in the Mt Kenya region, developing 24 projects, benefiting7,628 farmers, and expanding irrigation by 6,760 acres for Sh1.863 billion.
“This has ledto increased agricultural productivity, improved household incomes, and strengthened foodsecurity,” the PS said.
More than 300,000 households have directly benefited from rice irrigation programmes. The ricevalue chain alone has created about 280,000 jobs, Kimotho said.
Rice production increased from about 192,000 tonnes in 2022 to 305,000 tonnes last year, a 59per cent increase.Mwea alone increased production by almost 24,000 tonnes. Ahero increased by over 16,500tonnes.
The Bunyala irrigation scheme is unlocking more land for farming across Busia and Siayacounties.
Established in 1969, the scheme has expanded from an initial 540-acre pilot project to more than 3,200acres currently under cultivation, supporting more than 14,000 farmers.
“Ongoing expansion works, currently at 62 per cent completion, form part of a broader plan toincrease the irrigated area and strengthen Kenya’s domestic rice production capacity,” InteriorPS Raymond Omollo said during a tour of the scheme two weeks ago.
In the sprawling one-million-acre Galana Kulalu irrigation scheme straddling Tana River and Kilificounties, phase I of 1,500 acres has been completed, with the first harvest recording about 30bags of maize per acre. Phase II (1,800 acres) is under land preparation.
Al Dahra of the United Arab Emirates has completed preliminary studies, including soil sampling,and is completing detailed feasibility studies under the MoU signed with NIA and the Agricultural Development Corporation to support large-scale commercial investment.
“We have also introduced another strategic investor, who intends to begin with an 8,000-acrepilot phase before progressing to a proposed 60,000-acre commercial investment, subject tosuccessful evaluation,” PS Kimotho said.
A two megawatt solar power plant is nearing completion and is expected to be ready by July 15,significantly reducing irrigation pumping costs.
The construction of Galana Dam, which will unlock 200,000 acres, is progressing after thecontract was signed in December 2025, with financing being processed through the UAEpartnership.
The government has spent Sh1.068 billion in the last three years on Galana Kulalu forcompletion of the 10,000-acre model farm and reservoir.
The long-term goal is to produce more than 14 million bags of maize annually, with potential to reach18 million bags under full commercial development.
“We intend to put an additional 300,000 to 400,000 acres under irrigation to sort out thedeficits, and this country will be food secure. Then we start exporting,” NIAchief executive Charles Muasya said.
“In the next five years, Kenya will become an exporter of rice, sugar and maize to neighbouringcountries.”
The government has identified 50 priority dams across the country to support irrigation, watersecurity, hydropower generation and climate resilience.
Of these, the State Department for Irrigation is directly implementing 19 strategic irrigation damsthat will transform agricultural production.
Galana Dam is the flagship priority. Other key dams include Thuci (Embu), High Grand Falls(Tana River), Magwagwa (Nyamira), Isiolo, Gogo (Migori), Lowaat (Turkana), Yatta (Machakos),Radat (Baringo) and Soin-Koru (Kisumu).
The 19 dams are planned to support about 1.5 million irrigated acres, while also providingwater supply and, where feasible, hydropower generation.
The government’s long-term vision is to expand the area under irrigation to more than 2.5 millionacres.
NIA’s Muasya said the major challenge facing irrigation development is inadequate funding.
“That iswhy we are now turning to the private sector to attract funds for investment,” he said.
Another challenge is acquiring land for irrigation infrastructure, which sometimes delaysprojects.
