The unfolding tensions surrounding Iran and the fragile United States-Iran ceasefire have once again exposed a deeper structural problem in the Middle East: the absence of a stable, inclusive and rules-based regional order.
It is in this context that the four propositions on safeguarding peace and stability, put forward by Xi Jinping during his meeting with the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, take on particular significance.
These proposals do not merely respond to an immediate crisis; they seek to address long-standing gaps in trust, governance and development that have repeatedly driven the region into cycles of conflict.
The first proposition, commitment to peaceful coexistence, reflects a simple but powerful truth: the Gulf states are bound by geography and shared interests.
They cannot relocate, nor can they escape the consequences of instability in their neighbourhood. For decades, regional tensions have been aggravated by reliance on external powers to guarantee security, often deepening divisions rather than resolving them.
A shift toward a cooperative security framework, one built on dialogue, mutual respect and shared responsibility offers a more sustainable path forward.
Recent diplomatic openings among Gulf countries demonstrate that reconciliation is possible when leaders recognise that coexistence is not optional but necessary.
The second proposition, commitment to national sovereignty, addresses one of the most sensitive issues in the region. The modern history of the Middle East has been shaped by repeated violations of sovereignty, including military interventions and external interference in domestic affairs. For many states, especially developing ones, sovereignty is essential for survival and progress.
Respecting territorial integrity and political independence is critical to building stable institutions and public confidence. In the case of Iran, prolonged pressure and confrontation have only deepened mistrust. A genuine respect for sovereignty would require all parties to move away from coercive approaches and toward engagement based on equality and mutual recognition.
Equally important is the third proposition: commitment to the international rule of law. In recent years, the selective application of international law has weakened global norms and undermined trust in the system.
When rules are enforced unevenly, they lose legitimacy, and the risk of conflict increases. For the Middle East, this has meant that disputes often persist without consistent legal accountability.
Upholding the authority of the United Nations and the principles of its charter is therefore essential. A rules-based order provides smaller and developing states with protection against domination and ensures that disputes are resolved through established mechanisms rather than force. Without this foundation, the region risks sliding into a system where power alone determines outcomes.
The fourth proposition highlights the need for a balanced approach to development and security.
Too often, security has been treated in isolation from economic and social conditions. Yet instability in the Middle East is closely linked to challenges such as unemployment, inequality and limited economic opportunities. Security without development is fragile, while development without security is difficult to sustain.
A balanced strategy recognises that both must advance together. Economic growth, infrastructure development and technological cooperation can create the conditions for lasting peace by reducing tensions and fostering interdependence among states.
In this regard, the emphasis on shared opportunities through cooperation with China introduces a constructive dimension. By linking regional development with broader economic initiatives, the Gulf states can diversify their economies and build resilience against external shocks.
More importantly, economic cooperation creates incentives for peace. When countries are connected through trade and investment, the cost of conflict increases, making stability a shared interest rather than an abstract goal.
The situation in Iran highlights the urgency of adopting such a comprehensive framework. The temporary ceasefire with the United States remains highly unstable, largely because it is built on limited trust and lacks a broader political settlement.
The conflict has already disrupted global systems and weakened adherence to the principles of the UN Charter, with serious consequences for the Gulf and the wider Middle East. Without addressing the deeper causes of tension—mutual suspicion, external interference and the absence of a regional security structure—any pause in hostilities is unlikely to last.
The four propositions put forward by President Xi Jinping are anchored in Chinese visions such as the Global Development Initiative and the Global Security Initiative. These frameworks aim to uphold international fairness and justice, reflect the broadest common interests of the international community and offer practical guidance for resolving crises.
Rather than imposing solutions, they emphasise dialogue, inclusiveness and cooperation, presenting a distinct approach that prioritises long-term stability over short-term advantage.
Ultimately, achieving peace in the Middle East will require patience, commitment and a willingness to rethink traditional approaches. The challenges are significant, but so are the opportunities.
The four propositions provide a clear and balanced roadmap, one that addresses both immediate security concerns and the deeper structural issues that sustain conflict. If embraced sincerely by regional and global actors, they could help move the Middle East away from recurring crises and toward a more stable, cooperative and prosperous future.
The writer is a journalist and communication consultant
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