Human smuggling remains a major organised crime concern in Africa, with several countries registering high scores in the Africa Organised Crime Index 2025, which measures criminal markets on a scale of 0 to 10.
Libya records the highest human smuggling score at 9.50, reflecting its continued role as a key transit hub along migration routes linking sub-Saharan Africa to North Africa and onward towards Europe.
Sudan follows with a score of 9.0, while Eritrea posts 8.50, placing both countries among the most affected by smuggling networks.
Chad and Djibouti each score 8.0, underlining their position along major land and sea migration corridors.
Kenya, also with a score of 8.0, appears in the top group, indicating the scale and complexity of smuggling dynamics in East Africa, a region shaped by movement linked to conflict, economic pressures and regional mobility.
A score of 10 represents the highest level of criminal market presence, meaning these figures point to deeply entrenched smuggling operations rather than isolated incidents.
Human smuggling networks often operate across multiple borders, using informal routes and exploiting regulatory gaps, weak oversight, and the vulnerability of migrants.
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